El papel de las microalgas y cianobacterias en la agricultura sostenible
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59741/agraria.v23i2.714Palabras clave:
Biorrefinería, Bioestimulantes, Bioeconomía circular, Bioproductos, BiotecnologíaResumen
Para 2050, el crecimiento demográfico habrá aumentado significativamente, lo que pondrá a gobiernos, agricultores y economías bajo gran presión, exigiendo producir más alimentos en tierras que ya están degradadas por la agricultura intensiva convencional. Décadas de uso agrícola intensiva ha dejado vastas extensiones de suelo erosionado y menos capaz de sustentar los cultivos de los que dependemos. En este contexto, algunos microorganismos fotosintéticos (que utilizan la luz solar para crecer) se presentan como alternativas prometedoras dentro de un modelo económico más sustentable y que pueden ser aprovechadas para general compuestos útiles con interés agrícola. La selección adecuada de especies de organismos fotosintéticos como las microalgas y cianobacterias para su cultivo resulta esencial, considerando factores como tasa de crecimiento, composición de la biomasa y adaptación a condiciones ambientales. A partir de estos cultivos se puede obtener biomasa de microalga y cianobacteria rica en compuestos como proteínas, polisacáridos, pigmentos, fitohormonas que presentan un amplio potencial en la industria agrícola como bioestimulante. La incorporación de estos mciroorganismos a los sistemas agrícolas nos ayuda a utilizar recursos de forma más eficiente y favorece una producción de alimentos más sostenible.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro
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